Exhibit explores anti-Semitism in Russia from the Middle Ages to the forced rural Jewish settlements of the 18th and 19th centuries.

Listen to a description of Jewish history in Eastern Europe and their evolution as an ethnic group in Russia. Requires RealPlayer.

Provides a description of the origins and history of the Khazar people and their acceptance of Jews in the Middle Ages.

Excerpt from the Modern History Sourcebook provides an eyewitness account of life in the Pale, the Jewish settlements in Russia.

Describes the Turkic peoples who governed Russia in the 9th century, converted to Judaism, and were later assimilated by Russia.

Presents a report on the Holocaust from the perspective of Jews in the former Soviet Union. Read about the ghettos and life before the war.