Encarta offers a profile of this Portuguese king and lists his military and diplomatic accomplishments.

Encyclopedia article on the third duke of Alba offers a list of his accomplishments in Spanish colonial territories. Link to related events.

Read a history of the Florentine ruler and art patron. Also find links to related resources and historical figures.

Chronicles the life of the deposed queen of Spain whose turbulent reign ended with the revolution of 1868.

Take a look at a history of Florence's ruling family and view a collection of images.

Profiles the leader who inherited the problems of his father Charles V. Touches on Spain's conflict with France, and the revolt in Holland.