Learn about these two prominent kingdom states that emerged in the 16th century from the Kanem-Borno region. Discusses the role of Islam in each.

Traces the social evolution of these Hausa-speaking people from northwest Africa. Details the influx of Fulani people and their Islamic beliefs.

Find a profile and images of the Kanuri and Hausa peoples who ruled the Sahara under Islam between the 12th and 17th centuries.

Discover how the nomadic peoples of this Saharan region near Lake Chad formed empires that flourished between the 9th and 14th centuries.

Describes the 13th century Kanuri kingdom that stretched from Libya to Lake Chad. Learn about their enigmatic leader, Mai Dunama Dibbalemi.

View an encyclopedia article about this empire which existed in the Lake Chad area and ended in 1846.

Aims to provide an introduction to the history and culture of the Mali, Songhay, Kanem-Bornu, and Hausaland states. Includes profiles and photos.

Describes how Muhammad Ahmad revealed himself as Al Mahdi al Muntazar and then led his army against Egyptian forces to set up the Mahdist state.

Offers a profile of Sudan under the Ottoman Turks and Egyptian occupation. Describes the govt structure, the growing slave trade, and religion.